Hardware Test Engineer (Hw Validation) Interview Questions

In this Software Testing interview questions commodity, I have nerveless the most ofttimes asked questions by interviewers. These questions are nerveless after consulting with acme industry experts in the field of Manual and Automation testing. If you want to brush up with the software testing basics, which I recommend you to do before going ahead with this Software Testing Interview Questions, have a look at this article on Software Testing Tutorial .

In case yous came across some other questions during your interviews or have queries that might be helpful for others also, practise share them in the comment department of this article. Meanwhile, yous can maximize the Automation testing career opportunities that are sure to come your way by taking Selenium Online Grooming with Edureka.

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This video volition help you lot to gear up yourself for Software Testing Interviews. Information technology covers questions for beginners, intermediate and experienced professionals.

Software Testing Interview Questions And Answers in 2022 | Edureka

This Software Testing Interview question is divided into the post-obit parts:

Beginners level
Intermediate Level
Advanced Level

Let'southward begin this software testing interview questions with beginners level questions first.

Beginners Level Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

1. What are the phases involved in Software Testing Life Cycle?

The unlike phases involved in the software testing life cycle are:

Requirement Assay	Here, the QA team understands the requirements and identify the testable requirements.
Test Planning	In this phase, the exam strategy is defined.
Examination Case Development	Hither, detailed exam cases are defined and developed.
Environment Setup	It is a setup of software and hardware for the testing teams to execute examination cases.
Test Execution	It is the process of executing the lawmaking and comparing the expected and actual results.
Test Cycle Closure	Information technology involves c alling out the testing team member meeting & evaluating cycle completion criteria based on test coverage, quality, cost, time, critical business objectives, and software.

2. What are the different methods of testing?

In that location are three methods of software testing and they are as follows:

Black-box testing: It is a testing strategy based solely on requirements and specifications. In this strategy, it requires no knowledge of internal paths, structures, or implementation of the software beingness tested.
White boxtesting: It is a testing strategy based on internal paths, code structures, and implementation of the software being tested. White box testing by and large requires detailed programming skills.
Grayness box testing: Information technology is a strategy for software debugging in which the tester has limited noesis of the internal details of the plan.

iii. What are the different levels of testing?

In that location are mainly four testing levels and they are:

Unit Testing
Integration Testing
Arrangement Testing
Acceptance Testing

Basically, it starts with the Unit Testing stage and ends with Credence Testing .

4. Explain Bug Life Wheel or Defect life cycle.

A defect life bicycle is a process in which a defect goes through diverse phases during its unabridged lifetime. It starts when a defect is institute and ends when a defect is closed, after ensuring it's not reproduced.

Bug or defect life cycle includes the steps equally illustrated in the beneath effigy. If you wish to learn in depth about Bug Life Bicycle then you tin refer my article on Software Testing Tutorial.

Defect life cycle - Software Testing Interview Questions - Edureka It can vary from organization to system and also from projection to projection based on several factors similar arrangement policy, software development model used (similar Agile, Iterative), project timelines, team construction etc.

5. What is a test instance?

A exam example is zip but a fix of weather or variables nether which a tester will decide whether a arrangement under test satisfies requirements or works correctly.

half dozen. What is the deviation between functional and non-functional testing?

Functional Testing	Non Functional Testing
Performed earlier non-functional testing	Performed after functional testing
Based on customer requirements	Based on customers expectations
Describes what the product does	Describes how the product works

seven. What is Verification and Validation in Software Testing?

Verification : It is a static analysis technique. Here, testing is done without executing the code. Examples include – Reviews, Inspection, and walkthrough.

Validation : It is a dynamic assay technique where testing is done by executing the code. Examples include functional and not-functional testing techniques.

In the V model, the development and QA activities are done simultaneously. There is no discrete phase called Testing, rather testing starts right from the requirement stage. The verification and validation activities get paw in hand.

8. What is usability testing?

It is a testing methodology where the end customer is asked to use the software to see if the product is piece of cake to use, to meet the customer's perception and task time. An authentic manner to finalize the client point of view for usability is by using prototype or mock-up software during the initial stages.

9. What are the categories of defects?

There are three main categories of defects every bit shown in the below figure:

Incorrect: It implies that requirements have been implemented incorrectly. It is a variance from the given specification.
Missing:This is a variance from the specifications, an indication that a specification was not implemented, or a requirement of the customer was non noted properly.
Extra:It is a requirement incorporated into the product that was non given by the end client. It is always a variance from the specification just may be an aspect desired by the user of the product.

10. On what footing the acceptance program is prepared?

Basically, the acceptance certificate is prepared using the following inputs.

Requirement document: It specifies what exactly is needed in the project from the customers perspective.
Input from the customer: This can be discussions, breezy talks, emails, etc.
Project program: The project plan prepared by the projection manager also serves every bit expert input to finalize your credence exam.

11.What is coverage and what are the different types of coverage techniques?

The parameter used in software testing to draw the extent to which the source code is tested is known equally coverage. In that location are three basic types of coverage techniques and they are:

Statement coverage: It ensures that each line of source code has been executed and tested.
Conclusion coverage: It assures that every decision (true/faux) in the source code has been executed and tested.
Path coverage: Here we ensure that every possible route through a given role of the code is executed and tested.

12. What are the benefits of Automation testing?

Benefits of Automation testing are:

Supports execution of repeated test cases
Aids in testing a big test matrix
Enables parallel execution
Encourages unattended execution
Improves accurateness thereby reducing human-generated errors
Saves fourth dimension and money

13. Why Selenium is a preferred tool for Automation testing?

Selenium is an open up source tool which is used for automating the tests carried out on web browsers. Since Selenium is open up-source, there is no licensing cost involved, which is a major advantage over other testing tools. Other reasons behind Selenium's ever-growing popularity are:

Test scripts can be written in any of these programming languages: Java,Python,C#,PHP,Ruby-red,Perl &.Internet
Tests can be carried out in whatsoever of these OS:Windows,Mac orLinux
Tests can be carried out using any browser:Mozilla Firefox,Internet Explorer,Google Chrome,Safari orOpera
It can be integrated with tools such asTestNG &JUnit for managing test cases and generating reports
Information technology can exist integrated withMaven,Jenkins &Docker to attain Continuous Testing

fourteen. What are the various components of Selenium?

Different components of Selenium are:

Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Selenium Remote Control (RC)
Selenium WebDriver
Selenium Grid

15. What are the different types of locators in Selenium?

The locator is nada only an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Thus, to identify web elements accurately and precisely we have different types of locators in Selenium as follows:

ID
ClassName
Proper noun
TagName
linkText
PartialLinkText
Xpath
CSS Selector
DOM

16. What is XPath?

XPath too called every bit XML Path is a language to query XML documents. Information technology is an of import strategy to locate elements in selenium. It consists of a path expression along with some conditions. Here, you tin can easily write XPath script/query to locate any chemical element in the webpage. It is designed to allow the navigation of XML documents, with the purpose of selecting individual elements, attributes, or some other function of an XML document for specific processing. It also produces reliable locators.

17. What is the departure betwixt Absolute and Relative Path?

Absolute XPath

It is the direct mode to find the chemical element, but the disadvantage of theabsolute XPathis that, if at that place are whatsoever changes made in the path of the element and then thatXPath gets failed. For case:/html/trunk/div[ane]/section/div[i]/div

Relative XPath

ForRelative XPath, the path starts from the middle of the HTML DOM construction. Information technology begins with the double forrad slash (//), which ways information technology tin search the element anywhere at the webpage. For instance://input[@id='ap_email']

xviii. What are the unlike exceptions in Selenium WebDriver?

Exceptions in Selenium are similar to exceptions in other programming languages. The nearly common exceptions in Selenium are:

TimeoutException
NoSuchElementException
ElementNotVisibleException
StaleElementException

nineteen. When should I use Selenium Filigree?

Selenium Grid can exist used to execute aforementioned or different examination scripts on multiple platforms and browsers meantime so as to reach distributed test execution, testing under different environments and saving execution fourth dimension remarkably.

twenty. How do I launch the browser using WebDriver?

The following syntax tin be used to launch the Browser:
WebDriver driver =new FirefoxDriver();
WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
WebDriver commuter =new InternetExplorerDriver();

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Intermediate Level Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

21. Should testing exist washed simply after the build and execution phases are complete?

Testing is always done later on the build and execution phases Earlier we grab a defect, the more cost effective it is. For instance, fixing a defect in maintenance is ten times more costly than fixing it during execution.

22. What's the relationship between environment reality and test phases?

As test phases starting time moving ahead environment reality becomes more than important. For case, while unit testing, you lot demand the environment to be partly real, but at the acceptance stage you should have a 100% real surround, or we can say it should be the actual existent surroundings.

The above graph shows during acceptance testing it should be 100% real.

23. A defect which could accept been removed during the initial phase is removed in a afterward stage. How does this bear on the price?

If at the initial stage a defect is identified, so it should be removed during that stage/phase itself rather than at some later stage. It's a fact that if a defect is delayed for later phases it becomes more costly. The following figure shows how a defect is plush equally the phases motility forward.

If a defect is identified and removed during the design phase, it is the most toll effective but when removed during maintenance it becomes xx times costlier.

24. What exercise you mean by regression and confirmation testing?

Regression Testing: It is defined as a blazon of software testing to confirm that a contempo code change has not adversely afflicted existing features.

Confirmation Testing: When aexamfails because of the defect, the defect is reported. Then a new version of the software is submitted whose defect is fixed. This is called every bit confirmation testing or re- testing .

25. What do you lot mean past boundary value assay?

Boundary Value Assay (BVA) is a black box test design technique which is applied to run into if there are any bugs at the purlieus of the input domain.

26. What is Random testing?

Unremarkably, in Random testing, data is generated randomly often using a tool. For instance, the following figure shows how randomly-generated data is sent to the system.

This data is generated either using a tool or some automatic mechanism. With this randomly generated input, the system is and then tested and results are observed accordingly.

27. On what footing yous can arrive at an interpretation for your project?

To estimate your project, y'all have to consider the following points:

Divide the whole project into the smallest tasks
Allocate each task to team members
Estimate the effort required to complete each job
Validate the estimation

28. Which test cases are written first: white boxes or black boxes?

Commonly, black box test cases are written start and white box exam cases later. To write black box test cases we need the requirement document and, pattern or projection plan. These documents are easily available at the initial start of the project. White box test cases cannot be started in the initial phase of the project because they demand more architecture clarity which is not available at the start of the project. And then normally white box examination cases are written after black box test cases are written.

29. Mention the basic components of defect report format.

The basic components of defect study format include:

Project Name
Module Name
Defect detected on
Defect detected by
Defect ID and Proper name
Snapshot of the defect
Priority and Severity condition
Defect resolved past
Defect resolved on

30.Is Automation testing in agile methodology useful?

Automation testing is very useful in active methodology and helps in achieving maximum test coverage in a lesser time of the dart.

31. Which examination cases can be automatic?

Smoke exam cases
Regression test cases
Circuitous adding examination cases
Data-driven test cases
Non-functional exam cases

32.On what ground yous tin map the success of Automation testing?

Past following criteria, the success of Automation testing can be mapped:

Defect Detection Ratio
Automation execution time and fourth dimension savings to release the production
Reduction in Labour & other costs

33. Explain Load Testing on websites?

To access a website, a user sends a "request" to that website's server, and the server sends back a response in the form of the website you want to access. To load examination a website, quality assurance engineers and automation engineers just need to multiply the number of responses sent to simulate different traffic loads. The web server's response to the influx of virtual users can and so be measured. This is used to decide performance bug and server capacity.

34. What is the difference between Selenium and Sikuli?

Selenium	Sikuli
Information technology cannot automate flash objects like video actor, audio player etc.	It provides extensive support to automate flash objects
It has got complicated API	It has a elementary API
It can automate simply web applications	It can automate the web also every bit a windows application.

35. How to click on a hyperlink using linkText()?

driver.findElement(By.linkText(&amp;ldquo;Google&amp;rdquo;)).click();

This command finds the element using link text and then click on that element. Thus, the user would be re-directed to the respective page.

36. What is TestNG?

It is an advanced framework which is designed in a manner to leverage the benefits by both the developers and testers. It also has an inbuilt exception treatment mechanism which lets the program to run without terminating unexpectedly.

37. How to set test case priority in TestNG?

Beneath code helps yous to sympathise how to set test instance priority in TestNG.

package TestNG; import org.testng.annotations.*; public course SettingPriority { @Exam(priority=0) public void method1() { } @Test(priority=1) public void method2() { } @Test(priority=two) public void method3() { } }

Test Execution Sequence:

Method1 Method2 Method3

38. What is the deviation between Selenium and QTP?

Selenium	Quick Exam Professional
Selenium supports nearly all the popular browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Opera etc	QTP supports Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome. QTP only supports Windows Operating System
Selenium is distributed as an open source tool and is freely available	QTP is distributed as a licensed tool and is commercialized
Selenium supports testing of only web-based applications	QTP supports testing of both the web-based application and windows based application

39. What is Object Repository? How tin can we create Object Repository in Selenium?

Object Repository refers to the drove of web elements belonging to Application Under Test (AUT) forth with their locator values. With respect to Selenium, objects can exist stored in an excel canvas which can be populated within the script whenever required.

forty. How to input text in the text box using Selenium WebDriver?

By using sendKeys ()method we can input the text in the text box using Selenium WebDriver.

Advance Level Software Testing Interview Questions for Experienced Professionals

This department help yous practice with the advanced level and scenario based interview questions

41. What kind of input do we demand from the terminate user to begin proper testing?

An end user is the most important person considering he is the one who has to utilise the production and has a keen interest that anyone else in the project.

Above figure illustrates the input that is essential from the user end.

42. What is meant by workbench concept?

A workbench at its cadre is a way of documenting how a specific activity has to be performed. It is oft referred to equally phases, steps, and tasks equally shown in the following effigy.

There are five tasks for every workbench and they are as follows:

Input
Execute
Cheque
Production output
Rework

43. What is meant by Defect Cascading?

Defect cascading is a defect which is acquired past another defect. 1 defect triggers the other defect. When a defect is present in any stage but is not identified, hide to other phases without getting noticed. This will result in an increment in the number of defects.

Let us understand this past an example.

You lot are designing the Login Module of a WebPage:

In phase 1 – Y'all are designing Register User Module for Login and mobile number is mandatory merely y'all can go out it blank due to a bug that gets unnoticed.

In Stage 2 – You will design the login form having username and password. The password is OTP which volition be sent to User's registered mobile number.

Now as Annals module has a issues that mobile number can be left blank and so this may lead to Login failure or maybe some system error or crash if a null mobile number is not handled. This is known as defect cascading.

44. What are the different strategies for rollout to finish users?

The strategies to be followed for rollout are as follows:

Pilot
Gradual Implementation
Phased Implementation
Parallel Implementation

45. Explain how can you observe broken links in a folio using Selenium WebDriver?

This is a catchy question which the interviewer might present to you. He can provide a state of affairs wherein at that place are 20 links in a spider web page, and nosotros accept to verify which of those twenty links are working and how many are not working (cleaved).

As you take to verify the working of every link, the workaround is that you need to send HTTP requests to all of the links on the spider web page and analyze the response. Whenever y'all utilise driver.get() method to navigate to a URL, it will answer with a status of200 – OK. This indicates that the link is working and it has been obtained. Whereas any other condition indicates that the link is broken.

Let'south now empathize how to do that.

Kickoff, we accept to apply the ballast tags <a> to determine the different hyperlinks on the spider web folio. For every <a> tag, we can apply the aspect 'href' value to obtain the hyperlinks so analyze the response received when used incommuter.get() method.

**46. Which technique should be considered in the script "if at that place is neither frame id nor frame proper noun"?**

If frame proper name and frame id is not available, then we can useframe by index. For case, in that location are 3 frames in a spider web page and if none of them have a frame name and frame id, then we can yet select those frames by using frame (zero-based) index attribute. All the frame volition take an alphabetize number like the start frame would exist at index "0", the second at index "i" and the third at index "2".

driver.switchTo().frame(int arg0);

47. How to have screenshots in Selenium WebDriver?

By using theTakeScreenshot function yous can take a screenshot. With the aid ofgetScreenshotAs() method, you can simply save that screenshot. Instance : File scrFile = ((TakeScreenshot)commuter).getScreenshotAs(outputType.FILE);

48. Explain how you wil50 log in into any site if it is showing whatsoever authentication popup for username and password?

If there is a popular upward for logging in, we need to use the explicit command and verify if the alert is actually nowadays. The below code helps you sympathise the use of explicit wait control.

WebDriverWait expect = new WebDriverWait(commuter, ten); Warning alarm = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); alert.authenticateUsing(new UserAndPassword(**username**, **countersign**));

49. How to skip a method or a code block in TestNG?

To skip a particular test method or a code, then yous tin prepare the 'enabled' parameter in test annotation to false.
@Test(enabled = false)

50. Briefly explain what does beneath lawmaking snippet signal?

WebElement sample = driver.findElement(Past.xpath("//*[contains(text(), 'information')]"));

It defines a variablesample of type WebElement, and uses an XPath search to initialize it with a reference to an chemical element that contains the text value "information".

This brings the states to the end of this article on Height 50 Software Testing Interview Questions. Hope information technology helped in adding up to your knowledge. Wishing you all the best for your interview. Happy learning.

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